生命周期图解
下图描述了BeanFactory中Bean生命周期的完整过程:
Bean 的生命周期从Spring容器着手实例化Bean开始,直到最终销毁Bean,这当中经过了许多关键点,每个关键点都涉及特定方法的调用,可以将这些方法大致划分为3类:
- Bean自身的方法:如调用Bean构造函数,实例化Bean,,调用Setter设置Bean的属性值以及通过
的init-method和destroy-method所指定的方法; - Bean级生命周期接口方法:如BeanNameAware、BeanFactoryAware、InitializationBean和DisposableBean,这些接口方法由Bean类直接实现;
- 容器级生命周期接口方法:如上图中的红色部分所示,由InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor和BeanPostProcessor这连个接口实现,一般称他们的实现类为”后处理器“。后处理器接口,一般不由Bean本身实现,他们独立于Bean,实现类以容器附加装置的形式注册到Spring容器中,并通过接口反射为Spring容器预先识别。当Spring容器创建任何Bean的时候,这些后处理器都会发生作用,所以这些后处理器的影响是全局性的。当然,用户可以通过合理的编写后处理器,让其仅对感兴趣的Bean进行加工处理;
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor其实是BeanPostProcessor接口的子接口,在Spring 1.2中定义,在Spring2.0中为其提供了一个适配器类InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter,一般情况下,可以方便的扩展改适配器覆盖感兴趣的方法以定义实现类。下面我们通过一个具体的实例以更好的理解Bean生命周期的各个步骤.
窥探Bean生命周期的实例
实现各种生命周期控制访问的Car
package com.merryyou.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.*;
/**
* Created on 2016/11/8 0008.
*
* @author zlf
* @since 1.0
*/
public class Car implements BeanFactoryAware ,BeanNameAware,InitializingBean,DisposableBean {
private String brand;
private String color;
private int maxSpeed;
private BeanFactory beanFactory;
private String beanName;
public String getBrand() {
return brand;
}
public void setBrand(String brand) {
System.out.println("调用setBrand()设置属性");
this.brand = brand;
}
public void introduce(){
System.out.println("bradn:"+brand+";color"+color+"; maxSpeed:"+maxSpeed);
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
public int getMaxSpeed() {
return maxSpeed;
}
public void setMaxSpeed(int maxSpeed) {
this.maxSpeed = maxSpeed;
}
public BeanFactory getBeanFactory() {
return beanFactory;
}
public String getBeanName() {
return beanName;
}
//1、管理Bean生命周期的接口
public Car(){
System.out.println("调用Car构造函数");
}
//2、BeanFactoryAware接口方法
@Override
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("调用BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory()");
this.beanFactory=beanFactory;
}
//3、BeanNameAware接口方法
@Override
public void setBeanName(String name) {
System.out.println("调用BeanNameAware.setBeanName()");
this.beanName=beanName;
}
//4 InitializingBean接口方法
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
System.out.println("调用InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()");
}
// 5 DisposableBean接口方法
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception {
System.out.println("调用DisposableBean.destroy()");
}
// 6 通过<bean>的init-method属性指定的初始化方法
public void myInit(){
System.out.println("调用inti-method所指定的myInit(),将maxSpeed设置为240.");
this.maxSpeed=240;
}
//7 通过<bean>的destory-method属性指定的销毁方法
public void myDestory(){
System.out.println("调用destory-method所指定的myDestory()方法。");
}
}
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor实现类
package com.merryyou.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.PropertyValues;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter;
import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
/**
* Created on 2016/11/8 0008.
*
* @author zlf
* @since 1.0
*/
public class MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor extends InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessorAdapter {
//1 接口方法:实例化bean前进行调用
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInstantiation(Class<?> beanClass, String beanName) throws BeansException {
//1-1 仅对容器中的car-bean 进行处理
if("car".equals(beanName)){
System.out.println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInstantiation()");
}
return null;
}
//2 接口方法:在实例化bean后进行调用
@Override
public boolean postProcessAfterInstantiation(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if("car".equals(beanName)){
System.out.println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInstantiation()");
}
return true;
}
// 3 接口方法:在设置某个属性时调用
@Override
public PropertyValues postProcessPropertyValues(PropertyValues pvs, PropertyDescriptor[] pds, Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
//3-1 仅对容器中car-bean进行处理,还可以通过post入参进行过滤,
//进队car的某个特性进行处理
if("car".equals(beanName)){
System.out.println("InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues");
}
return pvs;
}
}
BeanPostProcessor实现类
package com.merryyou.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
/**
* Created on 2016/11/8 0008.
*
* @author zlf
* @since 1.0
*/
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if (beanName.equals("car")) {
Car car = (Car) bean;
if (car.getColor() == null) {
System.out.println("调用BeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(),color为空,设置为默认黑色.");
car.setColor("黑色");
}
}
return bean;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if (beanName.equals("car")) {
Car car = (Car) bean;
if (car.getMaxSpeed() >= 200) {
System.out.println("调用BeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization(),将maxSpedd调整为200.");
car.setMaxSpeed(200);
}
}
return bean;
}
}
在Spring配置文件中定义Car的配置信息
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="car" class="com.merryyou.bean.Car" init-method="myInit" destroy-method="myDestory"
p:brand="test"
p:maxSpeed="300"
scope="singleton"
/>
</beans>
下面我们让容器装载配置文件,然后再分别注册上面所提供的两个后处理器:
package com.merryyou.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
/**
* Created on 2016/11/8 0008.
*
* @author zlf
* @since 1.0
*/
public class BeanLifeCycle {
public static void lifiCycleInBeanFactory() {
//1 下面两句装载配置文件,并启动容器
Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("beans.xml");
BeanFactory bf = new XmlBeanFactory(resource);
//2 向容器中注册MyBeanPostProcesser处理器
((ConfigurableBeanFactory)bf).addBeanPostProcessor(new MyBeanPostProcessor());
//3 想容器中注册MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor后处理器
((ConfigurableBeanFactory)bf).addBeanPostProcessor(new MyInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor());
//4 第一次从容器中获取car ,将触发容器实例化该Bean,这将引发Bean生命周期方法的调用
Car car = (Car) bf.getBean("car");
car.introduce();
car.setColor("红色");
//5 第二次从容器中获取car,直接从缓存池中取(因为 scope="singleton")
Car car1 = (Car) bf.getBean("car");
//6 查看car 和 car1 是否指向同一个引用
System.out.println("car == car1 " +(car == car1));
//7 关闭容器
((ConfigurableBeanFactory) bf).destroySingletons();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
lifiCycleInBeanFactory();
}
}
运行后,结果如下:
[14:22:12][INFO][XmlBeanDefinitionReader][317][] - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [beans.xml]
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInstantiation()
调用Car构造函数
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInstantiation()
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues
调用setBrand()设置属性
调用BeanNameAware.setBeanName()
调用BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory()
调用BeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(),color为空,设置为默认黑色.
调用InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()
调用inti-method所指定的myInit(),将maxSpeed设置为240.
调用BeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization(),将maxSpedd调整为200.
bradn:test;color黑色; maxSpeed:200
car == car1 true
调用DisposableBean.destroy()
调用destory-method所指定的myDestory()方法。
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:57981', transport: 'socket'
仔细观察输出的信息,将发现它验证了我们前面所介绍的生命周期的过程。在7处,我们通过destroySingletons()方法关闭容器,由于Car实现了销毁接口并指定了销毁方法,所以容器将触发调用这两个方法.
ApplicationContext中Bean的生命周期
Bean在应用上下文中的生命周期和在BeanFactory中生命周期类似,不同是,如果Bean实现了org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext接口,会增加一个调用该接口的方法setApplicationContext()步骤,该方法紧接着BeanFactoryAware之后,此外,如果配置文件中声明了工厂后处理器接口BeanFactoryPostProcessor的实现类,则应用上下文在装载配置文件之后,初始化Bean实例之前将调用这些BeanFactoryPostProcessor对配置信息进行加工处理。
ApplicationContext和BeanFactory另一个最大的不同之处在于:前者会利用JAVA机制自动识别出配置文件中定义的BeanPostProcessor,InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor和BeanFactoryPostProcessor,并自动将他们注册到应用上下文中;而后者需要在代码中通过手工调用addBeanPostProcessor()方法进行注册。这也是为什么在应用开发时,我们普遍使用ApplicationContext而很少使用BeanFactory的原因之一。
在ApplicationContext中,我们只需要在配置文件中通过
MyBeanFactoyPostProcessor.java
package com.merryyou.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
/**
* Created on 2016/11/8 0008.
*
* @author zlf
* @since 1.0
*/
public class MyBeanFactoyPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
@Override
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
BeanDefinition bd=beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("car");
bd.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("brand", "奇瑞QQ");
System.out.println("调用BeanFactoryPostProcessor.postProcessBeanFactory()!");
}
}
ApplicationContext在启动时,将首先为配置文件中的每个
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- 1 这个brand属性的值将被工厂后处理器更改掉-->
<bean id="car" class="com.merryyou.bean.Car" init-method="myInit" destroy-method="myDestory"
p:brand="test"
p:maxSpeed="300"
scope="singleton"
/>
<!-- 2 Bean后处理器-->
<bean id="myBeanPostprocessor" class="com.merryyou.bean.MyBeanPostProcessor"/>
<!-- 3 Bean工厂后处理器 -->
<bean id="myBeanFactory" class="com.merryyou.bean.MyBeanFactoyPostProcessor"/>
</beans>
2和3处定义的BeanPostProcessor和BeanFactoryPostProcessor会自动被ApplicationContext识别并注册到容器中。3处注册的工厂后处理器将会对1处配置的属性值进行调整。在2处,我们还定义了一个Bean后处理器,它也可以对1处配置的属性进行调整。启动容器并查看car Bean的信息,我们将发现car Bean的brand属性成功被工厂后处理器修改了.
package com.merryyou.bean;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
* Created on 2016/11/8 0008.
*
* @author zlf
* @since 1.0
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
Car car =(Car) ctx.getBean("car");
System.out.println(car.getBrand());
}
}
输出结果
[14:55:15][INFO][ClassPathXmlApplicationContext][573][] - Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@47987356: startup date [Tue Nov 08 14:55:15 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
[14:55:16][INFO][XmlBeanDefinitionReader][317][] - Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [beans.xml]
调用BeanFactoryPostProcessor.postProcessBeanFactory()!
调用Car构造函数
调用setBrand()设置属性
调用BeanNameAware.setBeanName()
调用BeanFactoryAware.setBeanFactory()
调用BeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(),color为空,设置为默认黑色.
调用InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet()
调用inti-method所指定的myInit(),将maxSpeed设置为240.
调用BeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization(),将maxSpedd调整为200.
奇瑞QQ
参考链接: